Difference between revisions of "Cassiopee"

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=Application=
 
=Application=
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Within the scope of FIThydro, VAW investigates two types of fish guidance structures (FGS), namely with horizontal (Figure 12) and vertical curved bars. These FGSs are tested with four different fish species under various hydraulic conditions to evaluate their fish guidance efficiencies and to understand fish behaviour. To this end, the 3D fish tracking system is further developed and tested in these etho-hdyraulic (live-fish) investigations. The present system is similar to that currently used by the German Federal Institute for Hydraulic Engineering (BAW) in Karlsruhe together with the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG, 2018; Detert et al., 2018).
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Cassiopée allows the determination of flow and water level for sizing or verifying correct operation for:
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*pool-type fishways (with plunging or streaming flow notches, submerged orifices, single or double vertical slots)
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*baffle fishways (with Denil type, Fatou type, super-active type or chevron type baffles)
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*pre-barrages (with rectangular weir, triangular weir or semi-triangular weir)
  
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The present system consists of up to five cameras arranged in a streamwise series facing vertically upwards through the water surface, each with a distance of 1.5 m (Figure 13). Model acA2000-50gmNIR cameras from Basler are used and equipped with a 185° fisheye lens of FE185C086HA-1 (Fujifilm) (Figure 13a). The camera resolution is 3 MPx. Each camera and lens are waterproofed using a housing from Autovimation (Figure 13b). A GigE Vision 2.0 network with a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) IEEE1588 provided synchronous measurements with frame rates kept constant at 20 fps (Figure 13c). For larger control volume and longer areas, the actual system including the network switch and the high performance PC can theoretically be equipped with up to 48 cameras. However, the frame rate will be lower then.  
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For pool-type fishways, three computing tools allow to determine the geometry of the basins, given the target flow and drop between pools, water levels in the pools and volumetric dissipated power criteria set by the designer. A fourth tool allows to compute the size (width and depth) and to altitudinally set the first wall and first basin, given the upstream water level and flow, drop between pools, water levels in the pools and volumetric dissipated power criteria (altimeter setting of other walls and basins is obtained by substraction from the first wall and basin the drop between pools).
  
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An adapted software by Fujifilm Switzerland is used to set-up cameras and record videos. The etho-hydraulic flume is illuminated with 7x1000 W halogen lamps (Figure 12, right). Calibration of the system is essential and made in three steps: finding intrinsic and extrinsic parameters for each of the five cameras using a checkboard, calibrating five stereo cameras according to the overlapping views of camera pairs, and finally performing a rigid transformation of all stereo camera pairs to a global flume coordinate system (Figure 14a, Detert et al., 2018).
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For pre-barrage, it is possible to associate different types of weir (for example, two rectangular weirs with two levels of crest and a semi-triangular weir). The geometry of pre-barrages can be complex and it is possible to provide flows between basins from upstream to downstream but also between the upstream and any basin.  
  
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3D fish tracking is based on the detection of moving fish in each frame and associating the detections corresponding to the same fish over time. These are done by using a background subtraction algorithm and a Karman filter in MATLAB (Detert et al., 2018). The primary results of motion-based tracking are tracks in a distorted and uncalibrated 2D image frame coordinate system for each camera. Figure 14a and c show the three detected fish and noises caused by reflections from the glass window and their 2D tracks over time. After undistorting such frames and stereo calibrating the cameras, the 2D fish tracks are transferred to a 3D metric-space according to their epipolar geometry based on the camera parameters derived from the calibration (Figure 15).
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For baffle fishways, after setting the geometry, the software allows to determine level-discharge and flow velocity-discharge relationships. It also allows to compute the number of baffles and the elevations of the first and last baffle and corresponding bottom, from upstream and downstream water levels.
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Cassiopée also has 3 computing tools:
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The etho-hydraulic tests were done for a flow depth of 90 cm, flume width of 150 cm, distance of 150 cm between the cameras and average flow velocities up to 0.7 m/s. Under such conditions, the 3D fish tracking system provided fish positions in 3D with an accuracy of about ±5 cm and 20 fps. The challenges for a successful implementation of the system are: assignment of individual fish to the tracks, constant illumination of the flow, camera distortion, air bubbles and suspended sediment and humid conditions for the cameras.
 
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Overall, despite some shortcomings such as noise due to reflections from the glass windows, the 3D fish tracking system works well, provides important information on fish behaviour affected by fish guidance structures and has the potential for further etho-hydraulic studies.
 
  
 
=Other information=
 
=Other information=

Revision as of 10:55, 17 June 2019

Quick summary

Figure 1: 3D fish tracking system (empty of water) installed in the etho-hydraulic flume at VAW of ETH Zurich (source: VAW)
Figure 2: (a) Camera (acA2000-50gmNIR, Basler) with lens (FE185C086HA-1, Fujifilm), (b) waterproof housing for the camera and lens (Autovimation), (c) high performance computer for camera recording and network switch for camera connection (source: VAW).
Figure 3: (a) Stereo view of a camera pair, (b) three detected fish and noise, (c) 2D tracks of three fish (source: VAW).
Figure 5: Top view of 3D tracks of three fish from an etho-hydraulic test of fish guidance structure with horizontal bars (source: VAW).

Date: 1993

Developed by: French agency for biodiversity (AFB)

Type: Tool

Suitable for the following [[::Category:Measures|measures]]:

Introduction

Cassiopée is a computing software for fish pass designers. It allows studying pool-type fishways, baffle fishways and pre-barrage (for futher information on the different type of fishways please see first deliverable of WP2 D2.1).

It was developed by Myriad Software Ltd in 1993, under the scientific direction of Michel Larinier and Jean-Pierre Porcher. It runs on Windows systems and two updates were held in 1996 and 2011.The program only addresses users familiar with designing fish passes. In the process of designing a fish pass, the function of Cassiopée is to compute variables characterizing its operating and to present clear and explicit results.

Application

Cassiopée allows the determination of flow and water level for sizing or verifying correct operation for:

  • pool-type fishways (with plunging or streaming flow notches, submerged orifices, single or double vertical slots)
  • baffle fishways (with Denil type, Fatou type, super-active type or chevron type baffles)
  • pre-barrages (with rectangular weir, triangular weir or semi-triangular weir)

For pool-type fishways, three computing tools allow to determine the geometry of the basins, given the target flow and drop between pools, water levels in the pools and volumetric dissipated power criteria set by the designer. A fourth tool allows to compute the size (width and depth) and to altitudinally set the first wall and first basin, given the upstream water level and flow, drop between pools, water levels in the pools and volumetric dissipated power criteria (altimeter setting of other walls and basins is obtained by substraction from the first wall and basin the drop between pools).

For pre-barrage, it is possible to associate different types of weir (for example, two rectangular weirs with two levels of crest and a semi-triangular weir). The geometry of pre-barrages can be complex and it is possible to provide flows between basins from upstream to downstream but also between the upstream and any basin.

For baffle fishways, after setting the geometry, the software allows to determine level-discharge and flow velocity-discharge relationships. It also allows to compute the number of baffles and the elevations of the first and last baffle and corresponding bottom, from upstream and downstream water levels. Cassiopée also has 3 computing tools:

Other information

The total costs of the present system is approx. 40’000 USD=35’000 € including camera set-up and recoding software. For current costs of the equipment, we recommend to ask the corresponding supplier listed below. Note that a cheaper camera and lens set-up can significantly reduce the total cost of the system. The MATLAB-based 3D tracking code developed by VAW will be freely available.


Links to the suppliers of equipment:

Software for 3D fish tracking:

  • Available on request.

Relevant literature

  • Detert, M., Schütz, C., Czerny, R. (2018). Development and test of a 3D fish-tracking videometry system for an experimenal flume. In Proc. River Flow 2018 - Ninth International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, E3S Web of Conferences 40: 03018. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003018
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